The waterproof layer and partial structures of composite linings were simulated by single and double shell concrete test slabs , and the seepage water pressure was applied to the slabs with the manual pump 通過單層、雙層混凝土試驗板對防水層及隧道襯砌的局部結構進行了模擬,并通過手動泵進行滲漏水壓加載。